2024 Volvo S60 Plug-in hybrid

Notes and sources

1. Fuel economy: not published. A fuel-economy figure was published for this car (31.0 mpg) and is withheld here: it is not comparable with the other cars in this list.↩
2. CO₂: EPA's charge-weighted composite — the miles it assumes are driven on grid electricity are credited at zero tailpipe — 99 g/mi, or 62 g/km. It is lower than the tailpipe rating a petrol car states, and it is not what the car emits with the battery empty.↩
3. Fuel cost: not estimated. A plug-in hybrid's fuel use depends on how much of its driving is done on the battery, so no cost is computed for it.↩
4. Not published for this car. The record's own reason is free to read with an account.↩
5. Crash rating: not published. NHTSA lists this car (19279) and publishes no overall rating for it: it rates a car overall only when it has run the frontal, side and rollover tests on it.↩
6. Recall campaigns: NHTSA's count for this nameplate (S60), as of . Each is repaired free of charge by dealers.↩
12. This car is measured on the plug-in scale: miles per gallon on fuel, a charge-weighted CO₂ rating that credits its electric miles, and horsepower. MPGe and the plain tailpipe rating do not apply to it.↩

Coverage: Fewer plug-in hybrids are ranked for 2024 than for 2023 or 2025. EPA's 2024 fuel-economy file, the source of every US car in these standings, lists no plug-in version of several cars it lists for both of those years, among them the Ford Escape, Lincoln Corsair, Kia Niro, BMW X5, Volvo S90 and Porsche Cayenne. Those plug-in hybrids are missing from the 2024 standings, not ranked low.

Sources: EPA · NHTSA — about these sources →